To use Dynamic Shortcodes with Elementor there are three options:
Using Dynamic Tags (Elementor Pro not required);
when the plugin is enabled inside either the Post Content;
Post Content
If enabled, you will be able to insert a Dynamic Shortcode in most of the page content.
Dynamic Tags
The Dynamic Tags will allow you to insert Dynamic Shortcodes inside Elementor's Editor Settings. At the moment there are Dynamic Tag available for image and text (URL, number, date/time, color and meta) settings.